Comprehensive information on POTS:

Postural Tachycardia Syndrome, Beyond Orthostatic Intolerance. Dr. Satish Raj

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11910-015-0583-8

Anaesthesia

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: anesthetic implications in the obstetric patient:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17179264?dopt=AbstractPlus

Anaesthetic management of a parturient with the postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: a case report:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16698864&query_hl=1&itool=pubmed_docsum

Preoperative considerations in a patient with orthostatic intolerance syndrome:
http://journals.lww.com/anesthesiology/pages/articleviewer.aspx?year=2000&issue=08000&article=00041&type=fulltext

Autonomic dysfunction - anaesthetic management
http://www.anaesthetist.com/anaes/patient/ans.htm

Baroreflex

Abnormal baroreflex responses in patients with idiopathic orthostatic intolerance:
http://www.ncf-net.org/library/freeman-OI-2000.htm

Baroreflex control of muscle sympathetic nerve activity in postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome:
http://ajpheart.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/289/3/H1226 

Catecholamines

The broader view: catecholamine abnormalities:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=
Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12102462&dopt=Abstract

Endothelial NO Synthase Polymorphisms and Postural Tachycardia Syndrome:
http://pt.wkhealth.com/pt/re/dyslipidaemia/pdfhandler.00004268-200511000-00008.pdf;jsessionid=LnhQwG11yV0fKLVmTywMzWdZLQfyhxRq1HLnJ9
1n7vhQ2rxnX4yv!-2048123402!181195628!8091!-1

Chiari malformation/spinal cord involvement

Watch a presentation by physicians at The Chiari Institute and NIH as they discuss the possible connection between POTS, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and Chiari Malformation: (click on the Ehlers-Danlos National Foundation link)
http://www.thechiariinstitute.com/

Cerebral syncope in a patient with spinal cord injury:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11990670?dopt=Abstract

Chiari Malformation:
http://www.dizziness-and-balance.com/disorders/central/cerebellar/chiari.html

Chiari, fibromyalgia, gastrointestinal problems, gulf war syndrome, multiple chemical sensitivities/environmental illness, orthostatic intolerance:
http://www.cfids.org/about-cfids/orthostatic-intolerance.asp

Sinus arrhythmia and pupil size in Chiari I malformation: evidence of autonomic dysfunction:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=
Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8314116&dopt=Abstract

The Chiari Institute:
http://www.chiariinstitute.com/chiari_malformation.html

Autonomic nervous system disorders in 230 cases of basilar impression and arnold-chiari deformity:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1494411&dopt=Abstract

Chiari I malformation as a cause of orthostatic intolerance symptoms: a media myth?
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11705431&dopt=Abstract

No increased herniation of the cerebellar tonsils in a group of patients with orthostatic intolerance:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12598952&dopt=Abstract

Orthostatic intolerance and syncope associated with Chiari type I malformation:
http://jnnp.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/76/7/1034

Orthostatic hypotension following spinal cord injury: understanding clinical pathophysiology:
http://www.nature.com/sc/journal/v44/n6/full/3101855a.html

Chronic fatigue syndrome

The importance of orthostatic intolerance in the chronic fatigue syndrome:
http://www.ncf-net.org/library/orthostaticreview.htm

MEDLINEplus health information on chronic fatigue syndrome:
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/chronicfatiguesyndrome.html

Chronic fatigue syndrome: A hypothesis focusing on the autonomic nervous system:
http://cs.portlandpress.com/cs/096/0117/0960117.pdf

Dental Considerations

Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome: Dental Treatment Considerations by John K. Brooks, DDS; Laurie A. P. Francis, RDH: 
http://jada.ada.org/cgi/reprint/137/4/488.pdf

Diabetes and autonomic neuropathy

Chronic administration of pharmacologic doses of vitamin E improves the cardiac autonomic nervous system in patients with type 2 diabetes:
http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/73/6/1052

Value of scintigraphy using meta-iodo-benzyl-guanidine (MIBG) in the investigation of cardiac autonomic neuropathy in diabetic patients. Comparison with Ewing tests:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9404408&dopt=Abstract

Abnormal cardiovascular reflexes in juvenile diabetics as preclinical signs of autonomic neuropathy:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7346309&dopt=Abstract

Response of the autonomous nervous system of the heart in diabetes mellitus:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=529862&dopt=Abstract

MEDLINEplus health information on diabetes:
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/diabetes.html

Disability

Blood volume perturbations in the postural tachycardia syndrome:
PubMed

Quality of life in patients with postural tachycardia syndrome:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12059122 

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (Joint Hypermobility Syndrome)

Ehlers Danlos Syndrome. University of Washington, Seattle:
http://www.orthop.washington.edu/uw/ehlersdanlos/tabID__3376/ItemID__32/PageID__1/Articles/Default.aspx

Ehlers-Danlos National Foundation:
http://www.ednf.org/

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, classical type:
http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition=ehlersdanlossyndromeclassicaltype 

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, hypermobility type:
http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition=ehlersdanlossyndromehypermobilitytype

Joint hypermobility syndrome: a complex constellation of symptoms:
http://www.reumatologia-dr-bravo.cl/para%20medicos/HIPERLAXITUD/
www_jointandbone_org_RODGRAH.htm

Connective tissue disorders with spontaneous spinal cerebrospinal fluid leaks and intracranial
hypotension: a prospective study:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=
Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=14683542&dopt=Abstract

Association Between Joint Hypermobility Syndrome and Panic Disorder:
http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/155/11/1578

Is joint hypermobility related to anxiety in a nonclinical population also?
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15345789

Neurological manifestations of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome:
http://www.neurologyindia.com/article.asp?issn=0028-3886;year=2005;volume=53;issue=3;spage=339;epage=341;aulast=Mathew

Your eyes and Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome:
http://www.totaleyecare.com/ocular-complication-ehlers-danlos-syndrome-1.html?_ga=1.14621751.1418931888.1390611040

Exercise

The prevalence and significance of post-exercise (postural) hypotension in ultramarathon runners:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8614313&dopt=Abstract

Fainting

Certain cardiovascular indices predict syncope in the postural tachycardia syndrome:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8902319&dopt=Abstract

Fibromyalgia

National Fibromyalgia Research Association:
http://www.nfra.net/

MEDLINEplus health information on fibromyalgia:
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/fibromyalgia.html

Elusive syndromes: Treating the biologic basis of fibromyalgia and related syndromes:
http://www.ccjm.org/pdffiles/Clauw1001.pdf

Hormones

Influence of the menstrual cycle on sympathetic activity, baroreflex sensitivity, and vascular
transduction in young women:
http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/101/8/862

Hypovolemia

Hypovolemia in syncope and orthostatic intolerance role of the renin-angiotensin system:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9274896&dopt=Abstract

Is this patient hypovolemic?
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10086438&dopt=Abstract

Idiopathic hypovolemia: a self perpetuating autonomic dysfunction?
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9869552&dopt=Abstract

Lipodystrophy

Partial lipodystrophy in a boy:
http://www.indianpediatrics.net/jan2000/case3.htm

Magnesium

Erythrocyte magnesium in symptomatic patients with primary mitral valve prolapse: relationship to symptoms, mitral leaflet thickness, joint hypermobility and autonomic regulation:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1844553&dopt=Abstract

Cardiovascular consequences of magnesium deficiency and loss: pathogenesis, prevalence and manifestations. Magnesium and chloride loss in refractory potassium repletion:
http://www.mgwater.com/cardio.shtml

Magnesium and therapeutics:
http://www.mgwater.com/dur01.shtml

Magnesium deficiency in the pathogenesis of mitral valve prolapse:
http://www.mdheal.org/magnesiu.htm

Review and hypothesis: Might patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome have latent tetany
of magnesium deficiency:
http://www.mgwater.com/clmd.shtml

The magnesium web site - Links to over 300 articles discussing magnesium and magnesium
deficiency:
http://www.mgwater.com/index.shtml

Medications/Treatments

Web Site for Cardiovascular and Autonomic Pharmacology:
http://courses.washington.edu/chat543/cvans/

Drug protects against nervous system failure:
http://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/1997/04.17/DrugProtectsAga.html

Treatment of orthostatic hypotension with erythropoietin:
http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/absract/329/9/611

Effects of long-term clonidine administration on the hemodynamic and neuroendocrine postural
responses of patients with dysautonomia:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6295714&dopt=Abstract

Cardiac vagal response to water ingestion in normal human subjects:
http://cs.portlandpress.com/cs/103/0157/cs1030157.htm

Medicinal uses of licorice through the millennia: the good and plenty of it:
http://fkogserver.bmc.uu.se/course/B/Liquorice.pdf

Licorice root. A natural sweetener and an important ingredient in Chinese medicine:
http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/2002/pdf/7407x1189.pdf

Licking latency with licorice root:
http://www.jci.org/cgi/content/full/115/3/591

Adverse drug reactions related to drugs used in orthostatic hypotension: a prospective and systematic pharmacovigilance study in France:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15991040?dopt=Abstract

Mitochondrial disease and dysautonomia

Mitochondrial cytopathy in adults: what we know so far:
http://www.ccjm.org/pdffiles/COHEN701.PDF

Mitochondrial encephalomyopathies presenting with features of autonomic and visceral dysfunction:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=
Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8736411&dopt=Abstract

A case of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with peripheral neuropathy and autonomic symptoms:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=
Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7605684&dopt=Abstract

Neurologic presentations of mitochondrial disorders
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=
Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10641610&dopt=Abstract

Mitral valve prolapse

The phenomenon of dysautonomia and mitral valve prolapse:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=
Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8003350&dopt=Abstract

Exercise response in young women with mitral valve prolapse:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=
Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2805839&dopt=Abstract

Multiple system atrophy/shy-drager syndrome

SDS/MSA support group:
http://www.shy-drager.org/

Web site full of links to other sites about MSA/SDS:
 http://www.corwin-millman.com/shy-drager/links.html

Norepinephrine transporter

Genetic or acquired deficits in the norepinephrine transporter: current understanding of clinical
implications:
http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=168695

Orthostatic intolerance is not necessarily related to a specific mutation (Ala457Pro) in the human norepinephrine transporter gene:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12589229?dopt=Abstract

Phenotypical evidence for a gender difference in cardiac norepinephrine transporter function:
http://ajpregu.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/286/5/R851

The Nutcracker phenomenon

Does severe nutcracker phenomenon cause pediatric chronic fatigue?
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=
Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10749295&dopt=Abstract

Nutcracker phenomenon demonstrated by three-dimensional computed tomography:
http://www.medonline.com.br/nutpn.pdf

Diagnosis of the nutcracker phenomenon using two-dimensional ultrasonography:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=
Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9491284&dopt=Abstract

Magnetic resonance angiography in nutcracker phenomenon:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=
Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10230562&dopt=Abstract

An effective "transluminal balloon angioplasty" for pediatric chronic fatigue syndrome with nutcracker phenomenon:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=
Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10661488&dopt=Abstract

Nutcracker phenomenon treated with left renal vein transposition: a case report:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=
Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10331171&dopt=Abstract

The nutcracker syndrome: its role in the pelvic venous disorders:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11700480?dopt=Abstract

Outlook

Orthostatic hypotension in organic dementia: relationship between blood pressure, cortical blood flow and symptoms:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=
Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8924753&dopt=Abstract

Neurocardiovascular instability, hypotensive episodes, and MRI lesions in neurodegenerative dementia:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=
Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10818535&dopt=Abstract

Orthostatic hypotension in Alzheimer's disease: result or cause of brain dysfunction?
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=
Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10476310&dopt=Abstract

Orthostatic hypotension as a risk factor for stroke:
http://stroke.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=full&pmid=11022055

Orthostatic hypotension

Orthostatic hypotension:
http://www.dizziness-and-balance.com/disorders/medical/orthostatic.html

Cardiovascular Causes of Falls by Brian J. Carey and John F. Potter:
http://ageing.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/30/suppl_4/19.pdf

Orthostatic Hypotension by Bradley JG, Davis KA.
http://www.aafp.org/afp/20031215/2393.pdf

Paraneoplastic syndromes

Immunological and endocrinological abnormalities in paraneoplastic disorders with involvement of the autonomic nervous system:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=
Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9241563&dopt=Abstract

Pheochromocytoma

Biochemical diagnosis of pheochromocytoma:
http://www.angelfire.com/hi/Pheochromocytoma/biodiag.html

MEDLINEplus health information on pheochromocytoma:
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/pheochromocytoma.html

Germ-line mutations in nonsyndromic pheochromocytoma:
http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/346/19/1459

Porphyria

Diagnosis and management of porphyria:
http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/320/7250/1647

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome/orthostatic intolerance (General Information Links)

Management of Postural Tachycardia Syndrome, Inappropriate Sinus Tachycardia and Vasovagal Syncope, Dr.'s Satish Raj & Robert Sheldon  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5013178/ 

Medscape: Postural Tachycardia Syndrome:
http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/705183

The Postural Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS): Pathophysiology, Diagnosis & Management
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1501099/

Orthostatic intolerance:
http://www.nymc.edu/fhp/centers/syncope/chronic_orthostatic_intolerance.htm

A review of the classification, diagnosis, and management of autonomic dysfunction syndromes associated with orthostatic intolerance:
http://publicacoes.cardiol.br/abc/2000/7406/74060008i.pdf

Clinical disorders of the autonomic nervous system associated with orthostatic intolerance: an overview of classification, clinical evaluation and management:
http://www.ndrf.org/PDF%20Files/disorders.PDF

The neuropathic postural tachycardia syndrome:
http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/343/14/1008

Hereditary dysautonomias: Current knowledge and collaborations for the future:
Oct 3, 2002 http://www.familialdysautonomia.org/NIH_OCT3.pdf
Oct. 4 2002 http://www.familialdysautonomia.org/NIH_OCT4.pdf

Effects of head-up tilting on baroreceptor control in subjects with different tolerances to orthostatic stress:
http://cs.portlandpress.com/cs/103/0221/cs1030221.htm

Vascular perturbations in the chronic orthostatic intolerance of the postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome:
http://jap.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/89/4/1505

American Autonomic Society: (be sure to visit the autonomic news section for information on the latest research)
www.americanautonomicsociety.org/

Postural tachycardia syndrome and anxiety disorders:
http://jnnp.bmj.com/content/80/3/339.abstract/reply#jnnp_el_4620

Pregnancy

Postpartum Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome in a Patient with the Joint Hypermobility Syndrome:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2778448/

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: anesthetic implications in the obstetric patient:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17179264?dopt=%20AbstractPlus

Research Studies

ClinicalTrials.gov
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/

DINET studies page:
http://dinet.org/index.php/information-resources/studies

NDRF clinical research page:
http://www.ndrf.org/dysautonomia_clinic_resea.htm

Support

12 More Pages:
http://www.12morepages.com

STARS US (Syncope Trust and Reflex Anoxic Seizures)
http://www.stars-us.org/

STARS - syncope trust and reflex anoxic seizures:
www.stars.org.uk

National Dysautonomia Research Foundation:
www.ndrf.org

Dysautonomia Youth Network of America (DYNA) (devoted to youth with dysautonomia)
http://www.dynainc.org/

Syringomyelia

NINDS syringomyelia information page:
http://www.ninds.nih.gov/health_and_medical/
disorders/syringomyelia_short.htm

Postural tachycardia syndrome in syringomyelia: response to fludrocortisone and beta-blockers:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=
Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11710800&dopt=Abstract

Involvement of the autonomic nervous system in patients with syringomyelia - a study with the sympathetic skin response:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=
Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8654321&dopt=Abstract

Hyperhidrosis as the presenting symptom in post-traumatic syringomyelgia: (hyperhidrosis is excessive sweating)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=
Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8090551&dopt=Abstract

Cardiovascular reflexes in syringomyelia:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=
Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7139257&dopt=Abstract

MEDLINEplus health information on syringomyelia:
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/syringomyelia.html

Tests

The fainting patient: value of the head-upright tilt-table test in adult patients with orthostatic intolerance:
http://www.cmaj.ca/cgi/content/full/164/3/372

Autonomic diseases: clinical features and laboratory evaluation:
http://jnnp.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/74/suppl_3/iii31

Syncope Care & Treatment:
http://my.clevelandclinic.org/heart/disorders/electric/syncope.aspx

Videos 

The Dysautonomia Information Network presents the first full length documentary about Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome.
http://dinet.org/index.php/information-resources/pots-place/pots-video

POTS - Mayo Clinic:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CatWlEGPqG4&feature=related

POTS syndrome - Mayo Clinic:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iJ9bv7jx-Ls&feature=channel

The Woman who Kept Falling Down - Mystery Diagnosis