May be of interest to some - it has SOOO many actions: http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Herbal_-_HMPC_assessment_report/2012/08/WC500131285.pdf Other than the obvious benefit in BP spikes and blood volume expansion I wonder if the MAO activity has any relevance to its benefit of some? Both chronic sympathetic stimulation and NET inhibition both upregulate serotonin transporters according to some research. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1385%2FJMN%3A20%3A2%3A135?LI=true